1961年，美国华侨在书中指出龙是 Loong，不是 dragon

　　英文书籍 San Francisco Chinatown on Parade in Picture and Story 的中文书名是“三藩市华埠之巡礼：照片和报道”。它出版于 1961年。书里写道：“Unlike the evil dragon of the West, the Chinese Dragon is a beneficent and gracious creature and is worshipped as the divine ruler of Lakes, Rivers and Seas. It is the powerful yet gentle "Loong" that brings rains to the earth, hastens the crops and cools the toiling farmers.”（和西方邪恶的杜拉根不同，中国龙是行善的、仁慈的生物，被尊为江河湖海的神圣统治者。龙是强大而温和的，它给大地带来雨水，促进作物生长，给辛苦的农民带来凉爽。）

　　该书总编辑是黄定国（Henry Kwock Wong），其他编辑也是中国人。这说明在二十世纪六十年代，就有华侨在宣传龙不是杜拉根了，而且把龙音译为 Loong 了。

　　网上可以找到对黄定国的介绍：

Henry Kwock Wong (born April 29, 1907 in Portsmouth Square, San Francisco, died January 13, 1985 in San Francisco), better known as H.K. Wong, was heavily involved in Chinatown's business and civic associations. Between 1957 and 1984 he worked for associations such as the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (known as the "Six Companies") and Chinese Chamber of Commerce. He was a journalist for many publications such as Chinese Digest, Chinese World, East West, and Asian Week. He was also a businessman: he owned several businesses including Ti-Sun Company Hardware & Furniture store, and the Polk Pacific Building Supply Company, and was a co-owner of the Empress of China restaurant. Most importantly he was a founding member and enthusiastic supporter of the Chinese Historical Society of America in 1963. Wong had a long standing interest Chinese American history: along with friend William Hoy, he wandered through gold mining sites of the late 19th century, abandoned Chinatowns, and old Chinese temples, often collecting artifacts that served as the foundation of the CHSA Museum's collection. His great passion was doing oral interviews, something that was hardly done prior to the 1960s. He collected some of his favorite interviews in Gum Sahn Yun (Gold Mountain Men), published posthumously in 1987. Wong's contributions certainly did not go unnoticed. In 1978 he received the Jefferson Award from the American Institute for Public Service and the San Francisco Examiner named him one of the 101 most memorable San Franciscans for the 1887 to 1987 centennial year.

译文：

　　黄定国（Henry Kwock Wong）1907年4月29日出生于旧金山朴茨茅斯广场，1985年1月13日在旧金山去世。黄先生积极参与唐人街的商业和公民协会。1957年至 1984年期间，他在中华公所（简称“六会馆”）、中华总商会等协会工作。他是《中国文摘》、《中国世界》、《东西方》、《亚洲周刊》等多家刊物的记者。他也是一名商人，拥有多家企业，包括钛森公司五金家具店和波克太平洋建筑供应公司，并且是中国皇后餐厅的共同所有人。最重要的是，他是 1963年美国华人历史学会的创始成员和热心支持者。黄先生对美籍华人历史有着长期的兴趣，他经常和朋友威廉·霍伊（William Hoy）一起漫步在十九世纪后期的金矿场、废弃的唐人街和古老的中国寺庙，收集作为美国华人历史学会博物馆收藏基础的文物。他最大的热情是进行口头采访，这在 1960年代之前是很难做到的。他逝世后，在 1987年出版的 Gum Sahn Yun（金山人）一书中收集了一些他最喜欢的采访。黄先生的贡献没有被忽视。1978年，他获得了美国公共服务协会颁发的杰斐逊奖，《旧金山调查者》报把他评为 1887年至 1987年百年纪念的 101 位最令人难忘的旧金山人之一。（黄佶翻译，参考了谷歌翻译的结果。下同。）

　　原文网址：https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8vt203n/

　　黄定国的养子写了一本书纪念他：

　　介绍这本书的网页说：

It is said that H.K. Wong laid the very foundation for today’s Chinatown. As a second generation Chinese American, he became such a popular personality in San Francisco’s Chinatown he was often dubbed the “Mayor of Grant Ave” by noted S.F. Chronicle columnist Herb Caen.

　　人们认为黄定国为今天的唐人街奠定了基础。作为第二代华裔美国人，他在旧金山唐人街变得如此受欢迎，他经常被著名的旧金山纪事报专栏作家赫伯卡恩称为“格兰特大道市长”。

Always wanting to raise the status of San Francisco’s Chinatown in the eyes of the outside world, H.K. wanted to bring a world class Chinese restaurant into the community. He was the co-founder and marketing director of the landmark Empress of China Restaurant which drew celebrities such as Bing Crosby and Rosie Fang, seen in photo, at the grand opening on August 15, 1966.

　　黄定国一直想提升旧金山唐人街在外界眼中的地位，想把世界一流的中餐厅带入社区。1966年8月15日的盛大开幕式上，他是标志性的中国皇后餐厅的联合创始人和营销总监。

Today the Chinese New Year Parade is noted by citizens around the world, and is the most prestigious parade to celebrate this Chinese holiday. This was H.K. Wong's vision in 1953 when he brought the idea to Chinatown leaders and founded the very concept of the parade and festival over 60 years ago in 1953. It started modestly marching down Grant Avenue, but now is seen by millions of viewers worldwide.

　　如今，中国新年大游行已为世界各国人民所瞩目，是庆祝中国节日最负盛名的游行。黄定国于 1953年将这个想法带给唐人街领袖，并在六十多年前的 1953年创立了游行和节日的概念。刚开始时只有格兰特大道上的人在观看它，但现在全世界数以百万计的观众都在关注它。

Along with the parade, he started the Miss Chinatown USA Pageant in 1958 as one of the events during the Chinese New Years Festival celebrations which drew locals and tourists' interest to San Francisco where the pageant was held.

　　与此同时，他于 1958年开始举办美国华埠小姐选美比赛，作为中国新年庆祝活动期间的一项活动，吸引了当地人和游客对选美比赛举办地旧金山的兴趣。

　（注：“全美华埠小姐竞选”早在上个世纪由旧金山中华总商会创办，是全球华人社区历史最悠久的大型选美大会，此活动在 1952年原为三藩市的「华埠小姐竞选」，参选佳丽也限于三藩市湾区女士。1958年，中华总商会扩大开放给全美国各地的佳丽参选，广集来自夏威夷、西雅图、芝加哥、休士顿及纽约等大都会的佳丽与湾区的佳丽一同竞逐「全美华埠小姐」的美誉。https://tieba.baidu.com/p/7394363137）

Besides running two successful hardware businesses in Chinatown, his two accomplishments still standing were his instigating the Chinese New Year Festival and Parade as well as the Miss Chinatown Pageant which brought in contestants from all over the U.S.A, vieing for the prestigious title of Miss Chinatown USA. His involvement in co founding the Chinese Historical Society of America was the beginning of an awareness of the importance of preserving Chinese American history. His hand was instrumental in bringing the People's Republic of China's 2000 year old Han Tang Murals to San Francisco in 1977.

　　除了在唐人街经营两家成功的硬件企业之外，他的两大成就依然屹立不倒，一是策划组织农历新年和游行，以及从美国各地吸引参赛选手的华埠小姐选美大赛，角逐美国华埠小姐的美誉。他参与共同创立了美国华人历史学会，这是人们意识到保护华裔美国历史的重要性的开始。1977年，他在将中华人民共和国有两千年历史的汉唐壁画带到旧金山方面发挥了重要作用。

In 1964, as seen in the photo above, C.H. Kwock and H.K. Wong presented a Chinese scroll to President Lyndon Johnson at the White House and proclaimed him an honorary member of the Chinese Historical Society of America (CHSA) of which he was one of the original founders. The CHSA, which exists today with its museum on Clay Street in the heart of Chinatown, was the first organization of its kind in the United Stated devoted to preserving and presenting Chinese American history. One of H.K. hobbies was combing California for artifacts chronicling the lives of Chinese workers who mined for gold and worked on the building of the Transpacific Railroad in the mid-1800s.

　　他是美国华人历史学会（Chinese Historical Society of America, CHSA）的最初创始人之一。 CHSA 今日的博物馆位于唐人街中心的克莱街，是美国第一个致力于保护和展示美籍华人历史的组织。黄定国的爱好之一是在加利福尼亚寻找记录中国工人生活的文物，他们在 1800年代中期在此地开采黄金并参与建造了跨太平洋铁路。

Obviously the importance of this book to San Francisco Chinatown and California history is significant and as United States State Senator Dianne Feinstein said in the foreward, "H.K. Wong's contributions to Chinatown, to San Francisco, and to the State of California will be remembered for years to come."

　　显然，这本书对旧金山唐人街和加利福尼亚历史非常重要，正如美国参议员黛安·范斯坦（Dianne Feinstein）在前言里所说的那样：“黄定国对唐人街、旧金山和加利福尼亚州的贡献将在未来很多年被人们铭记。”

　　原文网址：http://www.dingdingtv.com/?p=78350

　　从黄定国先生的生平可知，他是一位非常热爱中国文化又非常活跃、非常热心、非常有组织才能的人，他和朋友们在上个世纪就敏锐地察觉到了译龙为 dragon 是不妥的，并且译龙为 Loong，堪称高瞻远瞩。

（黄佶，2021年12月25日）

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